Understanding French Etiquette and Customs
France, a country renowned for its rich history, exquisite cuisine, and sophisticated culture, can be a delightful destination for Australian travellers. However, navigating social and professional situations requires an understanding of French etiquette and customs. This guide provides Australians with essential insights to ensure respectful and successful interactions.
1. Greeting and Introductions: Formalities and Gestures
French greetings are generally more formal than Australian greetings, especially in initial encounters. Understanding these nuances is crucial for making a positive first impression.
Formal vs. Informal Greetings
Formal: In formal settings or when meeting someone for the first time, a handshake ( une poignée de main) is the standard greeting. Maintain eye contact and offer a firm, but not crushing, handshake.
Informal: Among friends and family, the cheek kiss (la bise) is customary. The number of kisses varies by region, but in most of France, it's two kisses, starting with the right cheek. It's best to observe and follow the lead of the person you're greeting. Avoid air kissing; a light cheek-to-cheek contact is expected.
Addressing People
Titles: Use formal titles like Monsieur (Mr.), Madame (Mrs.), or Mademoiselle (Miss) followed by the person's last name unless invited to use their first name. Using first names without permission can be considered impolite.
Vous vs. Tu: French has two forms of "you": vous (formal) and tu (informal). Use vous with people you don't know well or those in positions of authority. Only switch to tu if invited to do so. This transition is often marked by the phrase "On peut se tutoyer?" (Can we use tu?).
Common Phrases
Bonjour (Good day/Hello): Use this greeting during the day.
Bonsoir (Good evening/Hello): Use this greeting in the evening.
Au revoir (Goodbye)
Enchanté(e) (Pleased to meet you): The feminine form, enchantée, is used by women.
Comment allez-vous? (How are you? - formal)
Comment vas-tu? (How are you? - informal)
2. Dining Etiquette: Table Manners and Customs
Dining in France is often a social and leisurely affair. Understanding the proper etiquette can enhance your dining experience and demonstrate respect for French customs. If you are looking for our services to help plan your trip, we can assist with restaurant recommendations and reservations.
Table Manners
Seating: Wait to be seated by the host or hostess. Don't start eating until everyone is served.
Hands: Keep your hands above the table, but not resting in your lap. Rest your wrists on the edge of the table.
Bread: Bread is usually placed directly on the table (no bread plate). Tear off a piece of bread instead of cutting it. Use it to push food onto your fork, if needed.
Cutlery: Use your knife and fork in the European style, with the fork in your left hand and the knife in your right. Keep your knife and fork in your hands throughout the meal, even when not actively cutting.
Wine: Wine is an integral part of French cuisine. If you are not drinking, politely decline when offered. If you are drinking, wait for the host to pour the first glass. It is acceptable to sample the wine before others are served. Don't fill your own glass; wait for someone to offer.
Conversation: Engage in polite conversation, avoiding controversial topics like politics or religion, especially with new acquaintances.
Finishing the Meal: When you've finished eating, place your knife and fork parallel to each other on your plate, with the handles pointing to the right. This signals to the waiter that you are done.
Paying the Bill
Splitting the Bill: Splitting the bill is not as common in France as it is in Australia. Usually, one person pays, or the host covers the cost. If you are invited, it is polite to offer to contribute, but don't insist if your offer is declined. If you're dining with friends, decide beforehand how the bill will be handled.
Tipping: Tipping is not mandatory in France, as a service charge is usually included in the bill. However, it is customary to leave a small additional tip (around 5-10%) for exceptional service. You can also learn more about France and its culture on our website.
3. Gift-Giving Customs: Occasions and Considerations
Giving gifts in France is a thoughtful gesture, but it's important to consider the occasion and the recipient's preferences.
Occasions for Gift-Giving
Birthdays: Giving a gift on someone's birthday is customary. Flowers, chocolates, or a small personal gift are appropriate.
Christmas: Christmas is a major gift-giving occasion. Families exchange gifts on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day.
New Year's: It's common to give small gifts or étrennes (New Year's gifts) to service providers like postal workers, concierge staff, or garbage collectors.
Dinner Invitations: If you are invited to someone's home for dinner, it is polite to bring a small gift for the host, such as a bottle of wine, flowers, or chocolates. Avoid bringing chrysanthemums, as they are associated with funerals. Odd numbers of flowers are preferred, except for 13, which is considered unlucky.
Considerations
Quality over Quantity: The French appreciate quality and craftsmanship. Choose a gift that is well-made and reflects the recipient's taste.
Personalisation: A personalised gift shows that you put thought and effort into your selection.
Presentation: Presentation is important. Wrap your gift neatly and use high-quality wrapping paper.
4. Communication Styles: Directness and Politeness
French communication style can be perceived as more direct and formal than Australian communication. Understanding these differences can prevent misunderstandings.
Directness
The French are generally more direct in their communication than Australians. They may express their opinions frankly and openly, which can sometimes be misinterpreted as rudeness. However, this directness is often intended as a sign of honesty and sincerity.
Politeness
Politeness is highly valued in French culture. Always use polite phrases like s'il vous plaît (please) and merci (thank you). Address people using formal titles unless invited to do otherwise. Showing respect for others is essential for building positive relationships.
Conversation Topics
Avoid discussing personal finances or sensitive topics with new acquaintances. Safe topics include travel, food, culture, and current events (excluding politics). Asking frequently asked questions before your trip can help you prepare for these cultural differences.
5. Business Etiquette: Meetings and Negotiations
Business etiquette in France is more formal than in Australia. Building relationships and establishing trust are crucial for successful business dealings.
Meetings
Punctuality: Punctuality is important. Arrive on time for meetings. If you are going to be late, inform your contact as soon as possible.
Dress Code: Dress professionally and conservatively. Suits are generally expected for men, and business attire for women.
Greetings: Greet everyone with a handshake upon arrival and departure. Use formal titles unless invited to use first names.
Business Cards: Exchange business cards at the beginning of the meeting. Present your card with the French side facing up, if applicable.
Negotiations
Preparation: Be well-prepared for meetings. Research the company and the individuals you will be meeting with.
Relationship Building: Take time to build relationships before diving into business discussions. The French value personal connections and trust.
Decision-Making: Decision-making can be a slow and hierarchical process. Be patient and persistent.
- Language: While many French businesspeople speak English, it is helpful to learn a few basic French phrases. Demonstrating an effort to speak their language will be appreciated.
By understanding and respecting French etiquette and customs, Australians can navigate social and professional situations with confidence, fostering positive relationships and enriching their experiences in France. Remember to always be respectful, observant, and adaptable, and you'll be sure to make a positive impression.